determination of design and manufacturing strategies of motor vehicles need collections and analysis of various information's. In this paper , results of a research for determining possible strategy for design and manufacturing motor vehicles for next ten years in Iran is presented .The subject was divided into eight sections were used to select possible strategies and their paths. Historical background of design and manufacturing planning and policy of motor vehicles in the country was needed in the first step .Planning and policies of some industrial and developing countries were searched and analyzed .To predict paths of research and development in motor vehicle , an extended literature review was done on the subject .Levels of knowledge ,experience and ability to meet existing and required standards for design and production of motors vehicles were needed and determined in other parts. Economic analyzes were also done on several alternative by using theories of engineering economics. In addition to the economic effect , social and cultural effects on different alternatives were also considered. The strategy method of strength , weakness, opportunity ,and treats(SWOT) was used to select the best or possible strategy

In this paper a new magnetic-solar engine for vehicles is proposed. Each cylinder of this engine includes two permanent magnets، which their magnetic forces drive the piston. One of these two permanent magnets acts as the piston of the corresponding cylinder. The other permanent magnet of each cylinder rotates cyclically such that the same and opposite poles of the two magnets are placed against each other periodically. The attraction/repulsion forces generated in this way inside the cylinders are coordinated to drive the crankshaft of the engine. The rotatable permanent magnet of each cylinder is rotated by a DC motor، which is fed by the solar panels of the proposed magnetic-solar engine. One of important advantages of the proposed engine is elimination of expensive and heavy induction motors and their associated equipment. The proposed engine is also equipped with batteries to store/retrieve solar power، which increases the useable time of the engine. The constructed solar-magnetic engine is registered as a patent in the Iran? s patent office with the number of 85138.

Background: Seat belts have been proven as one of the most successful means of preventing or reducing injuries to occupants of cars during an accident. This paper examines the reasons behind the non-compliance of the seat belt law in Malaysia and suggests possible measures to get the percentage of seat belt usage up higher.Methods: Various databases of articles were searched for seat belt usage in Malaysia, related legislation, related accident data, type of injuries and reviewed to put forth the need for a new measure to increase the usage of seat belts in Malaysia.Results: In various studies carried out previously, car occupants (driver and front passenger) used the seat belts mainly with the knowledge that seat belts prevents injuries, the fear of being fined by the authorities, comfort ability of the seat belt, speed of travel, trip purpose and driving location. However, when these factors are removed, seat belts usage starts becoming lax. Other reasons were driving short distance (known location), forgetfulness and were in a hurry.Conclusion: Enforcement of seat belt usage by either the Police or Road Transport Department is only a short term solution. The relevant agencies are urged to consider making compulsory for all car makers in Malaysia to enable a system where the car would not be able to start without the seat belt being fixed first for the driver and passenger and to make auto seat belt fixing enabled in the car when the driver and or passenger enters the car.

Background and Objectives: Traffic accidents outcomes not only involve death and injury in the community, but also lead to a collapse in social relationships, disturbing mental health, and lowering the quality of life of people in these communities. Violent behaviors in driving in addition to physical harm and death also affect the social and mental health of citizens. This research was conducted to identify violent behavior of motor vehicle drivers and to measure and distribute these behaviors in Tehran. Methods and Materiales: This research was carried out using a researcher-made questionnaire with high validity and reliability in the period of September-December 2018. The questionnaire consisted of two sections of demographic information of drivers and 20 specific questions about violent behaviors. Exclusive questions on the 5-point Likert scale were completely disagreeable = 1 to totally agree = 5. Content validity coefficient was used to calculate content validity, which was 0. 7 for any questions and 0. 72 for all questions. Using the 10 experts, content validity index was also 0. 8. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability. Cronbach's coefficient was 0. 7. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal). Result: Being nervous from getting stuck in traffic or getting stuck behind a slow-driving driver has the highest distribution among drivers (11. 2). The lowest mean was the passing of red lights and tongues or smears for other drivers. Investigating the relationship between demographic variables and the degree of violence in drivers also showed a significant relationship between vehicle type and mean of violence (p = 0. 001) and between mean of violence in two groups of drivers who had a history of conflict and the group which did not have (p = 0. 018). Conclusion: Considering that violent behavior in driving can have many negative consequences in the society, educations should be applied for people who have a history of conflict and engagement with other people and have less patience in traffic; in order to improve driving behavior, aggression control and respecting the law.

Introduction: Vehicle engine id one of the main sources of noise which its level is influenced by various parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of motor oils quality before and after oil change on the variability of vehicle engine induced noise level. In this study it is tried to follow-up the efficacy of motor oil quality on engines sound level.Material and Method: First, engine noise of 94 vehicles were recorded for 30 seconds before and after oil change and all the vehicles technical information including mileage, type of motor oil, and type of vehicle were registered. Following, the recorded noises were calibrated in semi-anechoic chamber and the sound pressure levels were measured with A and C-weighting network and main octav bands, using a sound level meters. The obtained results analyzed using SPSS software version 17.Results: The effects of motor oil quality on different noise levels of engines were determined and a significant reduction in noise level of vehicles engine was observed. Investigation of the relationship between mileage and motor oil quality on various engines sound level manifested that vehicles with mileage ranged 100000-150000 miles had significant reduction in their sound pressure levels in comparison with other vehicles.Conclusion: The results revealed that engine oil is among factors reducing the vehicle engine induced noise level. Moreover, the engine oil type and the vehicle mileage are key variables which determine the impact of engine oil quality on reduction of the sound level of vehicles engine.

The compound-structure permanent-magnet synchronous machine (CS-PMSM) system is a novel drive system used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In this paper, firstly, the mathematical model of the CS-PMSM motor is examined in detail, and then the control strategy of the CS-PMSM is investigated and established. The CS-PMSM is composed of two permanent magnet synchronous motors: a Double Rotor Machine (DRM) and a Stator Machine (SM). Different control strategies are applied for the two machines. According to their special structures and applications, the DRM performs the torque control, and the SM carries out the speed control. The DRM implements the id=0 control, while the SM carries out the maximum torque per ampere control during the constant torque region, and flux weakening control during the constant power region. Secondly, the direct torque control method is investigated and applied for both machines. The feasibilities of the vector control and direct torque control methods are both validated by the simulation results in the MATLAB/SIMULINK, and these two methods are further compared. The optimum control methods are finally established for the DRM and SM and also the selection of the optimal number of turns for the stator is considered.